(North American) NA-16 @·AIRCRAFTUBE

  • Two North American NA-16-4M as Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14 Two North American NA-16-4M as Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14
    Two North American NA-16-4M as Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14
  • BT-9's<br>on<br>Randolph<br>Field BT-9's<br>on<br>Randolph<br>Field
    BT-9's
    on
    Randolph
    Field
  • North American NJ-1 (1938) North American NJ-1 (1938)
    North American NJ-1 (1938)
  • BT-9 (USAAC) BT-9 (USAAC)
    BT-9 (USAAC)
  • North American BT-9 North American BT-9
    North American BT-9
  • North American Na-16 and Na-66 in RAF Service North American Na-16 and Na-66 in RAF Service
    North American Na-16 and Na-66 in RAF Service
  • North American NA-22 North American NA-22
    North American NA-22
  • North American NA-16-4M as a Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14 North American NA-16-4M as a Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14
    North American NA-16-4M as a Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14
  • North American AT-6C-NT Texan North American AT-6C-NT Texan
    North American AT-6C-NT Texan
  • NX2080, the NA-16 prototype NX2080, the NA-16 prototype
    NX2080, the NA-16 prototype
  • NX2080 before the enclosed canopy was installed NX2080 before the enclosed canopy was installed
    NX2080 before the enclosed canopy was installed
  • NX2080 with early enclosed canopy NX2080 with early enclosed canopy
    NX2080 with early enclosed canopy
  • NA-16 (FAH-21, Eduardo Sosa, 2005) NA-16 (FAH-21, Eduardo Sosa, 2005)
    NA-16 (FAH-21, Eduardo Sosa, 2005)
  • NA-16-1P (or NA-34) in Argentine NA-16-1P (or NA-34) in Argentine
    NA-16-1P (or NA-34) in Argentine
  • North American NA-64 Yale 1 North American NA-64 Yale 1
    North American NA-64 Yale 1
  • NA-46 (EM Marinha do Brasil) NA-46 (EM Marinha do Brasil)
    NA-46 (EM Marinha do Brasil)
  • North American NA-16-4M as a Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14 North American NA-16-4M as a Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14
    North American NA-16-4M as a Swedish Flygvapnet Sk 14
  • North American Na-16 North American Na-16
    North American Na-16

North American NA-16

The North American Aviation NA-16 was the first trainer aircraft built by North American Aviation, and was the beginning of a line of closely related North American trainer aircraft that would eventually number more than 17,000 examples, notably the T-6 Texan family.

Design and development

On 10 December 1934, James Howard "Dutch" Kindelberger, John L. "Lee" Atwood, and H.R. Raynor sketched out the specifications for the NA-16. A key characteristic for the advanced trainer was a closed canopy.

The NA-16 is a family of related single-engine, low-wing monoplanes with tandem seating. Variants could have an open cockpit (the prototype and the NA-22) or be under a glass greenhouse that covered both cockpits. On some variants, the rear of the canopy could be opened for a gunner to fire to the rear. A variety of air-cooled radial engines, including the Wright Whirlwind, Pratt & Whitney Wasp and Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior of varying horsepowers, could be installed depending on customer preferences. The fuselage was built up from steel tubes and normally fabric covered; however, later versions were provided with aluminum monocoque structures.

During the development of the design, a six-inch stretch was made by moving the rudder post aft. Many versions had a fixed landing gear, but later versions could have retractable gear, mounted in a widened wing center section (which could have either integral fuel tanks or not). Most had a straight trailing edge on the outer wing while again, some had the wing trailing edge swept forward slightly in an attempt to fix a problem with stalls and spins. Several different rudders were used, with early examples having a round outline, intermediate examples having a square bottom on the rudder (Harvard I) and late examples using the triangular rudder of the AT-6 series, due to a loss of control at high angles of attack with the early types. Horizontal and vertical tails were initially covered in corrugated aluminum, but later examples were smooth-skinned, and the horizontal stabilizer was increased in chord near its tips on later versions.

The NA-16 flew for the first time on 1 April 1935, by Eddie Allen. An enclosed cockpit version of the NA-16 was submitted to the United States Army Air Corps for performance tests as a basic trainer on 27 May 1935. The Army accepted the trainer for production but with some detail changes, including a larger engine and faired landing gear modifications. The modified NA-16 was redesignated by North American as the NA-18, with production examples entering Air Corps service as the North American BT-9 (NA-19). The U.S. Army Air Corps ordered 42 BT-9s, equipped with the Wright R-975 Whirlwind engine, and 40 BT-9As, which could be armed with .30 cal. Browning M-1 machine guns. In 1936, an order was placed for 117 BT-9Bs, without armament. A total of 67 BT-9Cs (NA-29) were built, using the same R-975-7 engine. Similar aircraft continued to be sold outside the U.S. under the NA-16 designation.

By the time of the U.S. entry into WWII, North American Aviation had built 1,631 NA-16 series aircraft. Of that total, 1,043 were for foreign countries, while the remainder were for the U.S. Army Air Corps and Navy.

Foreign developments

Australia

The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation produced 755 units of a modified version of the NA-16-2K (NA-33) known there as the Wirraway between 1939 and 1946. The units built included 40 CA-1s (Wirraway I), 60 CA-3s, 32 CA-5s, 100 CA-7s, 200 CA-8s, 188 CA-9s, and 135 CA-16s. The CA-16s were called the Wirraway IIIs, while previous models were called Wirraway IIs.

Argentina

Experience with the NA-16-4P and deteriorating political relations with the US led to the local development of the I.Ae. D.L. 21, which shared the NA-16 fuselage structure; however it proved too difficult to produce. As a result of this, an entirely new design (the I.Ae. D.L. 22) was built instead; it had similar configuration, but was structurally different and optimized to available materials.

Japan

The NA-16-4RW and NA-16-4R inspired the development of the Kyushu K10W when the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed Kyushu to develop something similar. The resulting aircraft owed little to the NA-16, however Allied Intelligence saw so few examples that the error was not corrected and some drawings show a modified NA-16.

Variants

Listing includes aircraft built specifically under NA-16 designation for export, and similar aircraft built for use by the United States armed forces.

  • NA-16 : One for United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) (trials) developed into NA-18 and BT-9 series. Powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.

When the North American NA-16 was first conceived, five different roles were intended for the design, designated NA-16-1 thru NA-16-5:

  • NA-16-1 : General purpose two-seat aircraft - which became the Harvard I.
  • NA-16-2 : Two-seat fighter - produced under licence in Australia as the CAC Wirraway.
  • NA-16-3 : Two-seat light attack bomber. The first aircraft in this category was the retractable gear NA-26 which evolved into the NA-36 (BC-1). The fabric-covered fuselage was replaced by an all-metal monocoque to create the NA-44, which provided the basis for a line of light attack bombers whose improvements would result in the AT-6.
  • NA-16-4 : Advanced trainer - became the BT-9 for the USAAC and which provided the bulk of early production. The improvement of the BT-9 with a longer metal skinned fuselage as on the NA-44 would create the NA-64 (Yale) and improved wings would result in the BT-14.
  • NA-16-5 : Single-seat fighter - although this designation was never used, it became the NA-50 for Peru, and later the NA-68, which saw limited USAAF service as the P-64.
  • BT-9 (NA-19) : 42 built for USAAC - Minor changes from NA-18, new canopy, powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • BT-9A (NA-19A) : 40 built for USAAC - Armed BT-9 with one cowl gun, one rear flexible gun and modified canopy, powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-16-2H (NA-20) : One built for trials, sold to Honduras (FAH), powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-22 : One built for USAAC trials but rejected as severely underpowered. Open cockpits as per early NA-16 and Townend ring on engine, powered by Wright R-760 Whirlwind.
  • BT-9B (NA-23) : 117 built for USAAC - Unarmed with fixed rear on canopy. Powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • BT-9D (NA-23) : One modified BT-9B for USAAC - BT-14 prototype with new outer wings, Harvard type canopy, lengthened fabric covered fuselage, triangular rudder and detail alterations. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior.
  • NA-16-3 Basic Combat demonstrator (NA-26) : One armed demonstrator and the first variant with retractable undercarriage, eventually sold to RCAF who modified it with Yale and Harvard parts. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-2H (NA-27) : One armed demonstrator sold to Royal Netherlands Air Force - not the same as the previous NA-16-2H. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NJ-1 (NA-28) : 40 built to US Navy specifications, up engined BT-9B as advanced trainer with fixed gear. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • BT-9C (NA-29) : 66 built for USAAC - BT-9A with minor changes. Powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • Y1BT-10 (NA-29) : One built for USAAC - BT-9 with larger engine, similar to USN NJ-1 but armed and detail differences in engine installation. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • BT-10 (NA-30) : Cancelled production version of Y1BT-10 for USAAC, powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-4M (NA-31) : 138 built for Sweden's Flygvapnet as Sk 14/Sk 14A. Sk 14N trialled nosewheel for SAAB 21, powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind (Sk 14) or Piaggio P VII C (Sk 14A).
  • NA-16-1A (NA-32) : One built for Royal Australian Air Force but rejected in favour of NA-16-2K, fixed landing gear, similar to Y1BT-10. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-2K (NA-33) : 756 for Royal Australian Air Force, built in Australia with local improvements as CAC Wirraway, powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-4P (NA-34) : 29 built for Argentina (Army Aviation) - 1st major export order (previous orders involved licence production). Powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-16-4R (NA-37) : One built for Imperial Japanese Navy as a technology demonstrator KXA-1 with fixed u/c and three-blade prop. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior.
  • NA-16-4 (NA-41) : 35 built for China (RoCAF) - Fixed gear, fabric covered fuselage, powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-16-2A (NA-42) : Two built for Honduras (FAH), powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-1G (NA-43) : Intended for Brazil (Army) but order cancelled. Was to have been similar to BT-9C, powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-44 : Armed company demonstrator sold to Canada. Designation reused for AT-6s sold to Brazil (NA-72) and Chile (NA-74). Powered by Wright R-1820 Cyclone.
  • NA-16-1GV (NA-45) : Three built for Venezuela (FAV) similar to USAAC NA-36 BC-1 but with round rudder and bomb racks under wing center section. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-4 (NA-46) : 12 built for Brazilian Navy, powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-16-4RW (NA-47) : One built for Imperial Japanese Navy as a technology demonstrator KXA-2 similar to NA-16-4R but smaller engine. Powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-16-3C (NA-48) : 15 built for China (RoCAF) - Retractable undercarriage, fabric covered fuselage, powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-1E (NA-49/NA-61) : 430 for Royal Air Force and Royal Canadian Air Force as the Harvard I with new canopy and square rudder. Also used by South Africa and Southern Rhodesia. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-16-4 (NA-56) : 50 built for China (RoCAF) - Entirely new design with longer metal fuselage, triangular rudder and later T-6 style wing. Basically a BT-14 with the AT-6s R-1340 engine and canopy. Powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • NA-57 : 230 improved NA-23s for France as NAA 57-P-2, most captured and used by Germany, some retained by Vichy France. Powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind.
  • NA-16-3 (NA-71) : Three built for Venezuela (FAV), powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp.
  • I.Ae. D.L. 21 : An Argentinian version incorporating the NA-16-1 fuselage with locally designed wings. Rejected in favour of the I.Ae. 22 DL, an original design from the Fabrica Militar de Aviones (FMA).

Operators

  • Argentina : Army Aviation Service.
  • Australia : Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) (samples for licence production).
  • Brazil : Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil).
  • China : Republic of China Air Force (RoCAF).
  • France :
    • French Air Force (Armée de l'Air).
    • French Naval Aviation (Aéronavale).
    • Vichy French Air Force.
  • Germany : Luftwaffe.
  • Honduras : Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Hondureña/FAH).
  • Japan : Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) (2 examples for evaluation only).
  • Netherlands : Royal Netherlands Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht/KLu).
  • South Africa : South African Air Force (SAAF).
  • Southern Rhodesia : Southern Rhodesian Air Force (SRAF).
  • Sweden : Swedish Air Force (Flygvapnet).
  • United Kingdom : Royal Air Force (RAF).
  • United States :
    • United States Army Air Corps (USAAC)/United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).
    • United States Navy (USN).
  • Venezuela : Venezuelan Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Venezolana/FAV).

Surviving aircraft

The only intact surviving example of an American built NA-16 is the NA-16-2A/NA-20 "FAH-21" displayed at the Honduran Aviation Museum at Toncontín.

A Swedish NA-16-4M (locally designated as Sk 14) was built from an ex-RAAF CAC Wirraway (s/n A20-223) with additional parts from an ex-RCAF North American NA-64 Yale and is on display at the Swedish Air Force Museum.

The CAC Wirraway (originally NA-16-2K) was first modified to British standards and equipment, then later models diverged further from the NA-16 in minor details such as the fitting of dive brakes etc. The sole surviving CA-1 Wirraway is A20-10, the 8th production Wirraway, effectively a licence built NA-16-2K, and held at the Australian National Aviation Museum. Ten Wirraways are on the Australian civil aircraft register. Further examples (in Australia unless noted) are at Temora Aviation Museum, Australian National Aviation Museum, Aviation Heritage Museum, Museum of Victoria, Queensland Air Museum, RAAF Museum (stored) and the Fantasy of Flight (Florida - stored).

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article North American NA-16 of Wikipedia ( authors )

North American NA-16

  • Role : Basic Trainer.
  • Manufacturer : North American Aviation.
  • First flight : 1 April 1935.
  • Status : retired.
  • Primary users :
    • United States Army Air Corps.
    • Royal Australian Air Force.
    • Swedish Air Force.
    • French Air Force.
  • Produced : 1935 to 1939.
  • Number built : 1,935.
  • Variants :
  • Developed into :

    • Specifications (NA-16)

  • Crew: two.
  • Length: 27 ft 7 in (8.41 m).
  • Wingspan: 42 ft (13 m).
  • Airfoil: root: NACA 2215; tip: NACA 2209 .
  • Empty weight: 3,078 lb (1,396 kg).
  • Maximum speed: 170 mph (270 km/h, 150 kts).
  • Range: 700 mi (1,100 km, 610 nmi).
  • Powerplant: One Wright R-975 Whirlwind air cooled radial.
  • Power: 400 hp (300 kW).
  • Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton Standard.

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article North American NA-16 of Wikipedia ( authors )
North American NA-16 : Your comments on this subject
Powered by Disqus
Top
Legal Credits FAQ Help Site Map

Terms of use for the services available on this site

By using this Website, Users agree to the following terms of use and rules :

Definitions

  • Webmaster : Head Administrator with all authority over the management and development of the Website.
  • Administrator : Anyone that was given by the Webmaster full or partial access to the Website's structure or with moderation rights on messages posted by Users.
  • User or Visitor : Any person visiting the Website pages.
  • Website : The following provisions apply to a single Website accessible via the www.aircraftube.com, www.aircraftube.org, www.aircraftube.net and www.all-aircraft.com. URL's
  • Service : All free informations and tools contained on the Website.
  • Comments : All text written by users on Blogs and comment pages available on the Website.
  • Media : All media available on or through the Website. One must distinguish the local media (photos, curves, drawings) and the external media (videos) which the Website refers.

    • Purpose of this site

    The purpose of this non-commercial site is purely educational. Reflecting a passion, it is also there to preserve the memory of all those who gave their lives, their health or energy in the name of freedom, aviation safety or simply our passenger comfort.

    Copyright

    Some media may have escaped the vigilance of Administrators with regard to copyrights. If a user reports copyright infringement, he will be asked to prove that he is indeed the rights's owner for the concerned media. If so, his decision on the Administrator's next action will be respected: A total suppression of the Media on the Website, or the addition of some owner's reference. The publication of a media on the internet normally having as a goal to make it visible to many people, the Administrators expect in any case that the second option will be most often chosen.

    Pursuant to the Law on copyright and related rights, the user has the right to download and reproduce information on the Website for personal use and provided that the source is mentionned. They cannot however be used for commercial or advertising purposes.

    Using Blogs and filing comments

  • Moderator : The Administrator reserves the right to prevent the publication of comments that are not directly related to the Service without providing any explanation. Similarly, all insults, out of scope or unethical material will be banned.
  • Identification : Persons wishing to post a comment or use any form of contact are required to provide identification by the means of a valid e-mail address.
  • Responsibilities : Comments are posted on the Website under the unique responsability of their authors and the Administrators may in no case be liable for any statements or claims that the users might have issued.

    • As the comment system is hosted and maintained on servers external to the Website, the Administrators may in no circumstances be held responsible for the use that administrators of these servers or other third parties may have with those comments or filed data.

    Content Liability

    The Administrators carefully check the reliability of the sources used. They cannot, however, guarantee the accuracy of any information contained on the Website, partly because of the multiple sources from which they come.

    JavaScript and cookies - Storing information

    This Website imperatively uses JavaScript and cookies to function properly. Neither of these technologies, or other means shall in no case be used on the Website for the retention or disclosure of personal information about Visitors. Exceptions to this rule will involve storing the Users banned for inappropriate comments they might have given as well as contact information for Users wishing to subscribe to future newsletters.

    When a user accesses the Website, the corresponding servers may automatically collect certain data, such as IP address, date and time of Website access, viewed pages and the type of browser used. This information is kept only for the purpose of measuring the number of visitors to the different sections of the site and make improvements.

    Donations - Advertising

    To continue providing the Service for free, the Webmaster reserves the right to insert advertising or promotional messages on any page of the Site. In the same idea, any donations will only by used to cover the running costs of the site, such as hosting, connection fees, hardware and software necessary for the development and maintenance of the Website.

    Links and other websites

    Administrators shall in no case be liable for the non-availability of websites operated by third parties to which users would access through the Website.

    Administrators assume no liability for any content, advertising, products and/or services available on such third party websites. It is reminded that those sites are governed by their own terms of use.

    Placing a link to third party sites or authorize a third party to include a link on their website refering to this Website does not mean that the Administrators recommend in any way the products or services offered by these websites.

    Modifications

    The Webmaster reserves the right to modify at any time without notification the present terms of use as well as all content or specific functionality that the Website offers.

    The modified terms and conditions immediately apply to the using Visitor when changes come online. Visitors are invited to consult the site regularly on the most current version of the terms and conditions

    Governing Law and Jurisdiction

    These general conditions are governed by Belgian law.

    In case of dispute regarding the interpretation and/or execution of the above terms, the parties agree that the courts of the district of Nivelles, Belgium shall have exclusive jurisdiction power.

    Credits page

    Wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia is a collaboratively edited, multilingual, free Internet encyclopedia.

    Youtube

    YouTube is a video-sharing website on which users can upload, view and share videos.

    Special thanks to all Youtube quality aviation vids providers, specially (Those I forgot, please excuse me or report) :

    Airboyd
    Andys Video
    Aviation videos archives
    Bomberguy
    Classic Aviation TV
    Historical Aviation Film Unit
    Horsemoney
    Jaglavaksoldier
    Joluqa Malta
    Just Planes
    Koksy
    Classic Airliners & Vintage Pop Culture
    Memorial Flight
    Octane130
    Okrajoe
    SDASM archives
    Spottydog4477
    The Aviators TV
    Valentin Izagirre Bengoetxea
    Vexed123
    VonBerlich
    Zenos Warbirds

    Bundesarchiv

    The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv are the National Archives of Germany.

    FAQ

    I don't see my comments any more!

    Please note that each page has it's own comment entry. So, if you enter a comment i.e. on the B-747, you will only see it on that related page.

    General comments are accessed via the "BLOG En" button.

    Comments are moderated, so please allow some delay before they appear, specially if you are outside Europe.

    Menus are developing below the page, because they are too long!

    But they remain accessible, for example by scrolling the mouse wheel, or with your finger (on the menu) on a smartphone or tablet.

    I see adds on all videos.

    Use a good free add remover software.

    The site is loading random pages at startup.

    We think it is a good way to bring back the memory of aircraft, persons or events sometimes quite forgotten.

    HELP PAGE

    Why this site?

    Discovery

    This website is dedicated to one's aeronautical passion (which I hope we share) and was realised mainly as an educationnal tool. Knowing that, you'll notice that each new visit brings random topics for the purpose of making new discoveries, some achievements or characters certainly not deserving the oblivion into which they have sometimes fallen.

    By these pages, we also want to pay tribute to all those who gave at one time or another, their lives or health in the name of freedom, aeronautical security or simply our comfort.

    Centralisation

    Internet is full of websites dedicated to aviation, but most are dedicated to subjects or periods that are very limited in space or time. The purpose of this site is to be as general as possible and thus treats all events as well as characters of all stripes and times while putting much emphasis on the most significant achievements.

    The same years saw birth of technologies like photography and cinema, thus permitting illustration of a large part of important aeronautical events from the start. Countless (and sometimes rare) media recently put online by enthousiasts finally give us access to these treasures, but the huge amount of information often makes things a little messy. A centralization effort is obviously most needed at this level.

    All persons who directly or indirectly contributed to the achievement or posting of such documents are here gratefully acknowledged.

    General

    Fluid website

    This site automatically fits the dimensions of your screen, whether you are on a desktop computer, a tablet or a smartphone.

    Bilingual website

    You can change the language by clicking on the flag in the upper left or via "Options" in the central menu. Of course, the videos remain in the language in which they were posted ...

    Browser compatibility

    The site is not optimized, or even designed to run on older browsers or those deliberately deviating from standards. You will most probably encounter display issues with Internet Explorer. In this case, it is strongly recommended installing a modern (and free!) browser that's respecting the standards, like Firefox, Opera, Chrome or Safari.

    Cookies and Javascript

    This site uses cookies and JavaScript to function properly. Please ensure that your browser is configured accordingly. Neither of these technologies, or other means shall in no case be used on the Site for the retention or disclosure of personal information about its Visitors. See the "Legal" page for more on this subject.

    Website layout

    Left menus

    Because of the lack of space on smartphones and small tablets, these menus are hidden. Everything is nevertheless accessible via the main menu option, located between the video and photo sections. This menu is placed there for compatibility reasons with some browsers, which play the videos over the menus.

    "Search" and "Latest" :
    The link "In Titles" restricts the search to the titles of different forms. Use this option if you are looking for a plane, a constructor, a pilot or a particular event that could have been treated as a subject.

    The link "In Stories" will bring you to a search in all texts (the "Story" tab) and will take more time. The search term will appear highlighted in green when opening the corresponding story.

    Would you believe, "Timeline" will show all subjects in chronological order.

    "Random" will reload the entire page with a new random topic.

    The bottom section keeps you abreast of the latest five entries. New topics are added regularly. Don't hesitate to come visit us often : add bookmark.

    Blogs and Comments central section

    Under the photos section comes the comments tabs window :

    You can enter general comments in your own language via one of the two buttons on the left (BLOG EN and BLOG FR). Note that these buttons are accessible regardless of the language to allow some participation in the other language.

    All comments are subject to moderation and will be published only if they comply with the basic rules of decorum, while remaining relevant to the purpose of this site.

    The third tab allows you to enter comments on the shown topic and is bilingual. Personal anecdotes, supplements and other information questions will take place here.

    The "Story" tab shows the explanatory texts. They are most often taken from Wikipedia, a site where we participate regularly.

    The "Data" tab is reserved for list of features and specifications.

    Right menus

    On a smartphone, the lack of space is growing and this menu is moved to the bottom of the page to give priority to videos and pictures.

    The top right icons are links to videos posted by third parties (on their own responsabilities) or by ourselves. The link below these icons will take you to the channel of the one who posted the video. Feel free to suggest other videos if you think they are of some interest (Use the BLOG button or the "Contact" link).