(Hanriot) H.232 @·AIRCRAFTUBE

  • Hanriot H.232.01 - 1938 - 220 hp Renault 6Q-02/03 engines, with counter-rotating propellers Hanriot H.232.01 - 1938 - 220 hp Renault 6Q-02/03 engines, with counter-rotating propellers
    Hanriot H.232.01 - 1938 - 220 hp Renault 6Q-02/03 engines, with counter-rotating propellers
  • The H.230.01 prototype with its strut-braced tail (L'Aérophile, October 1937) The H.230.01 prototype with its strut-braced tail (L'Aérophile, October 1937)
    The H.230.01 prototype with its strut-braced tail (L'Aérophile, October 1937)
  • Hanriot H.232-2 Hanriot H.232-2
    Hanriot H.232-2
  • The single-fin H.232.01 prototype (L'Aérophile, September 1938) The single-fin H.232.01 prototype (L'Aérophile, September 1938)
    The single-fin H.232.01 prototype (L'Aérophile, September 1938)
  • Three-view drawing (L'Aérophile, September 1938) Three-view drawing (L'Aérophile, September 1938)
    Three-view drawing (L'Aérophile, September 1938)
  • A Finnish H.232.2 A Finnish H.232.2
    A Finnish H.232.2
  • H.232 with gear down (L'Aérophile, January 1939) H.232 with gear down (L'Aérophile, January 1939)
    H.232 with gear down (L'Aérophile, January 1939)
  • H.232 (L'Aérophile, March 1940) H.232 (L'Aérophile, March 1940)
    H.232 (L'Aérophile, March 1940)
  • Hanriot H.232-2 Hanriot H.232-2
    Hanriot H.232-2

Hanriot H.232

The Hanriot H.230, better known in its production form as the H.232, was a French twin-engined advanced trainer of the late 1930s. Design work began in 1936 under Louis Montlaur, Hanriot's chief designer, and the aircraft was built by the nationalised SNCAC (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre), into which Hanriot had been absorbed. It was the first true twin-engined advanced trainer of the Armée de l'Air, intended to prepare crews for its new fast bombers and attack aircraft. About 35 production aircraft were delivered before the fall of France in 1940; captured examples were later used by the Luftwaffe, and three were sold to Finland.

Design and development

In 1936 the French Air Ministry issued a requirement for a two-seat twin-engined trainer able to convert pilots to the modern twin-engined combat aircraft then entering service. Five manufacturers responded and Hanriot's proposal was selected. The design took the general configuration of the Hanriot H.220 twin-engined fighter-bomber, but with a much lighter and simpler structure: a mid-wing monoplane of mixed wood and metal construction, with two inline engines in underwing nacelles and two crew members seated in tandem, the instructor sitting slightly higher than the pupil.

The prototype H.230.01 made its first flight in June 1937 (some sources give 22 July 1937). It was powered by two 128 kW (172 hp) Salmson 6Af-00 engines and had a short canopy, a single strut-braced fin and fixed main undercarriage with spatted wheels. Flight tests revealed a lack of lateral stability, which was cured by adding strong dihedral to the wingtips, giving the aircraft an unusual appearance.

The second prototype, the H.231.01, flew in May 1938. Its dihedral now started outboard of the engine nacelles, which eliminated the odd wingtip arrangement of the modified H.230. It introduced twin fins and rudders, and power was increased with two 172 kW (230 hp) Salmson 6Af-02 engines.

The H.232.01 returned to a single fin and rudder and was fitted with two 164 kW (220 hp) Renault 6Q-02/03 engines, with left and right hand propeller rotation, plus a retractable main undercarriage. The H.232.02, which made its maiden flight in August 1938, introduced a redesigned cockpit, and was evaluated by the official test centres between October 1938 and May 1939. The type was then given a twin fin and rudder tail assembly and was flown in this new configuration in December 1939, being redesignated H.232/2.01.

Operational history

France

The French Air Ministry placed an initial order for 40 H.232/2s, soon extended to 57. Known under the SNCAC designation NC.232/2, the production aircraft incorporated minor improvements such as redesigned rudders and engine cowlings, and were fitted with full navigation equipment. They carried no armament.

The Armée de l'Air received its first H.232/2s in January-February 1940, and a total of 35 had been delivered by the time of the armistice in June 1940. They were used by the training sections of the 51st and 54th Escadres, to convert pilots to the Breguet Br.691 and Br.693 attack bombers. After the armistice, the aircraft based in the unoccupied zone remained with the Vichy French Air Force, and a few survivors were reportedly used in France after the war until spare parts ran out.

Germany

The Germans captured a number of H.232s on abandoned airfields in 1940. When they occupied the southern zone of France in November 1942, they seized about twenty more aircraft. Some were briefly used in German markings by a flying school at Istres, before being scrapped.

Finland

Finland had ordered 22 H.232s in 1939 (sometimes referred to as H.232/3), but the order could not be fulfilled after the outbreak of war, and during the Winter War the French had also planned to send 25 aircraft of this type to Finland. Finally, on 19 July 1940, Finland ordered three captured aircraft from the Germans. One was destroyed in an accident at the start of the ferry flight, while still in Germany. The other two were used as advanced trainers by the Finnish Air Force: the first was damaged in August 1942 after about 146 flying hours, while the second remained in use until 15 February 1945, logging some 290 hours. Both were struck off charge on 2 January 1950.

Variants

  • H.230 : First prototype, derived from the Hanriot H.220, with two 128 kW (172 hp) Salmson 6Af-00 engines, single strut-braced fin and fixed undercarriage. One built.
  • H.231 : Further development with increased dihedral, twin fins and two 172 kW (230 hp) Salmson 6Af-02 engines. Two built (one according to some sources).
  • H.232 : Pre-production prototypes with single fin and rudder, retractable undercarriage and two Renault 6Q-02/03 engines (H.232.01 and H.232.02).
  • H.232/2 (SNCAC NC.232/2) : Production aircraft with twin fins and rudders. 57 ordered, but only 35 delivered before the fall of France in 1940. Three sold to Finland by Germany (one written off on the delivery flight).
  • H.232/3 : Designation sometimes given to the 22 aircraft ordered by Finland in 1939, never delivered.

Further development of the H.232 was curtailed by the German invasion in 1940.

Operators

  • Finland : Finnish Air Force (Ilmavoimat).
  • France :
    • French Air Force (Armée de l'Air).
    • Vichy French Air Force.
  • Germany : Luftwaffe.

References

  • Ledet, Michel (June 1993). "Le Hanriot H-232 (1ère partie)". Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French), No. 4, pp. 15-20.
  • Stenman, Kari (July 1993). "Le Hanriot H-232 : 2ème partie". Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French), No. 5, pp. 18-21.
  • Parmentier, Bruno. "S.N.C.A.C. NC-232.2". Aviafrance (in French).
  • "Hanriot 232". Passion Air 1940 (in French).

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Hanriot H.232 of Wikipedia ( authors )

Hanriot H.232

  • Role : Advanced trainer.
  • Manufacturer : SNCAC (Hanriot).
  • Designer : Louis Montlaur.
  • First flight : June 1937 (H.230.01).
  • Introduction : February 1940.
  • Retired : 1945.
  • Status : retired.
  • Primary users :
    • French Air Force (Armée de l'Air).
    • Luftwaffe.
    • Finnish Air Force.
  • Produced : 1939 to 1940.
  • Number built : 35 production aircraft (plus prototypes).
  • Developed from : Hanriot H.220.

    • Specifications (H.232/2)

  • Crew: two (pupil and instructor).
  • Length: 28 ft 1 in (8.55 m).
  • Wingspan: 41 ft 10 in (12.76 m).
  • Height: 11 ft 5 in (3.47 m).
  • Wing area: 228 sq ft (21.20 m²).
  • Empty weight: 3,649 lb (1,655 kg).
  • Max takeoff weight: 4,821 lb (2,187 kg).
  • Powerplant: 2 × Renault 6Q-02/03 six-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline piston engines.
  • Power: 220 hp (164 kW) each.
  • Propellers: Ratier electric variable-pitch, left and right hand rotation.
  • Maximum speed: 208 mph (335 km/h, 181 kts) at 3,300 ft (1,000 m).
  • Cruise speed: 194 mph (312 km/h, 168 kts).
  • Range: 745 mi (1,200 km, 650 nmi).
  • Service ceiling: 24,600 ft (7,500 m).
  • Time to altitude: 6,600 ft (2,000 m) in 4 minutes.
  • Armament: none.

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Hanriot H.232 of Wikipedia ( authors )
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