(Avia) BH-33 @·AIRCRAFTUBE

  • Avia BH-33 Avia BH-33
    Avia BH-33
  • L'Aéronautique (June 1927) L'Aéronautique (June 1927)
    L'Aéronautique (June 1927)
  • Walter Jupiter IV engine (1927) Walter Jupiter IV engine (1927)
    Walter Jupiter IV engine (1927)
  • L'Aéronautique (June 1928) L'Aéronautique (June 1928)
    L'Aéronautique (June 1928)
  • Walter-Jupiter 480-600 hp engine Walter-Jupiter 480-600 hp engine
    Walter-Jupiter 480-600 hp engine
  • Ready for the Little Entente and Poland race (1929) Ready for the Little Entente and Poland race (1929)
    Ready for the Little Entente and Poland race (1929)
  • Belgian Aéronautique Militaire Belgian Aéronautique Militaire
    Belgian Aéronautique Militaire
  • Avia BH-33L - Škoda L engine (1929) Avia BH-33L - Škoda L engine (1929)
    Avia BH-33L - Škoda L engine (1929)
  • Avia BH-33L - L'Aérophile (October 1929) Avia BH-33L - L'Aérophile (October 1929)
    Avia BH-33L - L'Aérophile (October 1929)
  • PWS-A of the Kraków "Trójka": Karol Pniak,<br>Jerzy Bajan and Stanisław Macek (Warsaw, June 1932) PWS-A of the Kraków "Trójka": Karol Pniak,<br>Jerzy Bajan and Stanisław Macek (Warsaw, June 1932)
    PWS-A of the Kraków "Trójka": Karol Pniak,
    Jerzy Bajan and Stanisław Macek (Warsaw, June 1932)
  • PWS-A - 3 May parade in Kraków (1932) PWS-A - 3 May parade in Kraków (1932)
    PWS-A - 3 May parade in Kraków (1932)
  • Pilots of the "Bajan Trio"<br>(Katowice, May 1933) Pilots of the "Bajan Trio"<br>(Katowice, May 1933)
    Pilots of the "Bajan Trio"
    (Katowice, May 1933)
  • Avia BH-33 Avia BH-33
    Avia BH-33

Avia BH-33

The Avia BH-33 was a Czechoslovak single-seat biplane fighter of the inter-war period, first flown in 1927. It was the last fighter designed for Avia by the team of Pavel Beneš and Miroslav Hajn. Behind a single designation lie quite different aircraft: the wooden BH-33 and BH-33-1, the steel-tube BH-33E and the BH-33L with a Škoda L inline engine, which became the standard Czechoslovak fighter of the early 1930s under the military designation Ba-33. The type was licence-built in Poland as the PWS-A and in Yugoslavia, and also served, in small numbers, in Belgium, Greece, the Soviet Union (for evaluation) and Republican Spain. Including licence production, nearly 190 aircraft were built.

Design and development

In 1926 Avia fitted the airframe of its BH-21 fighter with a nine-cylinder Bristol Jupiter air-cooled radial engine, built by Walter under a sub-licence of the Gnome-Rhône licence. The resulting BH-21J showed an excellent rate of climb, but only a modest gain in level speed. Avia therefore reworked the fuselage to suit the radial engine, with a new cowling and propeller spinner, and created the BH-33. It was a conventional biplane of all-wood construction, with fabric-covered wings and tail surfaces and a straight-axle undercarriage. It was also the first Beneš and Hajn design with a fixed tail fin; their earlier aircraft only had a rudder.

The first prototype, powered by a Walter-built Jupiter IV and armed with two synchronised 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns, was flown on 21 October 1927 by Avia chief test pilot Karel Fritsch. Its performance proved disappointing, hardly better than that of the BH-21. Two further prototypes, designated BH-33-1, followed in 1928: one with a medium-altitude Jupiter VI, the other with a high-altitude Jupiter VII. The Jupiter VII version reached 269 km/h and climbed to 7,000 m in 15 minutes, which the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence found acceptable. It bought the two prototypes and ordered five pre-production aircraft, fitted with bomb racks under the lower wings. Because of their wooden structure, the pilots nicknamed them "dřevák" (clog). A few more aircraft were built by Avia as demonstrators for export customers.

BH-33E

As the all-wood construction was quickly becoming outdated, Avia carried out an almost complete redesign. The BH-33E, first flown by Fritsch on 28 May 1929, had little in common with the BH-33-1 apart from its name: the slab-sided wooden fuselage was replaced by a welded steel-tube structure of oval section, the undercarriage received a split axle with oleo shock absorbers, and the engine mount accepted either a Jupiter VI or a supercharged Jupiter VII under a more efficient cowling, which had to be modified during the tests because of overheating. The BH-33E was about 10 km/h faster and climbed a little better. In 1929 Captain Malkovský displayed its aerobatic qualities at an air meeting in Paris. The Czechoslovak Air Force, however, only bought two BH-33Es for its national aerobatic team, preferring to wait for the BH-33L, and the BH-33E was mainly exported.

BH-33L (Ba-33)

At the request of the Ministry of Defence, which wanted a powerful engine of domestic production, the BH-33E airframe was fitted with a water-cooled Škoda L W-12 engine of 580 hp at take-off (450 hp in continuous rating), mounted behind a frontal radiator. Beneš and Hajn started the work but left Avia for Praga, and the new chief designer František Novotný completed the design and prepared the production. Compared with the BH-33E, the BH-33L had a longer fuselage, longer-span wings with N-shaped struts and an angled undercarriage axle. The front fuselage was covered with aluminium sheet, the rear part with fabric over the steel-tube frame, while the wings remained of wooden construction. The prototype flew in the summer of 1929. It reached 315 km/h at 1,500 m, although its high-altitude performance was inferior to that of the BH-33E. It brought Avia its first large domestic order: 81 aircraft built in 1929-1930 for the Czechoslovak Air Force, under the military designation Ba-33. Originally armed with two 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns, they were progressively re-armed with two 7.92 mm vz.28 guns.

BH-33H (BH-133)

A single BH-33 was experimentally re-engined with a 525 hp BMW-built Pratt & Whitney Hornet radial engine. Renamed BH-133, it did not enter production.

Operational history

Czechoslovakia

After the five BH-33-1 and the two BH-33E, the Czechoslovak Air Force received 81 Ba-33 (BH-33L), which equipped mainly the 4th Air Regiment at Hradec Králové and fighter squadrons of other regiments, including the 1st Air Regiment "T. G. Masaryk" at Prague-Kbely. The BH-33L and BH-33E also took part in the international races of the Little Entente in 1929. The Ba-33 formed the backbone of the Czechoslovak fighter force until the arrival of the Avia B-534 in the mid-1930s. It was then transferred to the flying school at Prostějov, where future Second World War pilots such as František Peřina and František Chábera trained on it. During the Munich crisis of 1938, the surviving aircraft were held in reserve as second-line fighters. After the German occupation they were used as ground instructional airframes, except for two aircraft taken over by the Slovak state, which used them for training. The Czechoslovak BH-33s never saw combat.

Poland

The Polish Air Force needed to replace its Blériot-SPAD S.61 fighters quickly, while the national fighters (PZL P.1, PWS-10) were not yet ready. After testing a BH-33-1, it bought in 1928 a licence to build 50 aircraft. A pattern aircraft (BH-33.1007) and the drawings were delivered to Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów (PWS) at Biała Podlaska in the autumn of 1929, and the aircraft were built as the PWS-A (A for Avia) between 1929 and 1932. To save money, they were fitted with imported 420 hp Jupiter IV engines, which limited their top speed to 242 km/h, and with a split-axle undercarriage with Vickers oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers.

The PWS-A entered service in 1930 and equipped the 121st and 122nd fighter squadrons of the 2nd Air Regiment at Kraków until 1933, before being used for fighter training until 1935. The type is best remembered for the "Trójka Bajana" (Bajan Trio), the first Polish aerobatic team, formed by Captain Jerzy Bajan with Corporals Karol Pniak and Stanisław Macek, who performed formation aerobatics with the wings of their three aircraft tied together with cords. Their PWS-As also appeared in the 1933 film "Pod Twoją obronę". The PWS-A was replaced by more modern fighters such as the PWS-10 and the PZL P.7, and had long been withdrawn when Germany invaded Poland in 1939.

Belgium

The Belgian Aéronautique Militaire, satisfied with its Avia BH-21s, bought three wooden-fuselage BH-33-1s for a fighter standardisation competition, which was eventually won by the Fairey Firefly biplane. Delivered between 1928 and 1930 (one aircraft, delivered in poor condition, was returned to Prague and replaced), they received the serials U-1 to U-3 and served with the fighter squadrons of the 2nd Regiment until 1932. A licence production was considered but abandoned.

Spain

After its withdrawal, U-3 was used for aerobatic training at the Wevelgem flying school, then sold as surplus and overhauled by the Mulot-Ertag company in Brussels. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, it was bought for the Republican government through an intermediary, in spite of the arms embargo. On 26 August 1936, reserve pilot André Autrique took off from Brussels-Evere in the unmarked, white-painted aircraft. After a stop near Paris, a forced landing at Sainte-Foy-la-Grande and a stop at Toulouse-Montaudran, he reached Barcelona-El Prat on 28 August. Autrique had been briefly detained in France and only released after the intervention of the French Air Minister Pierre Cot and of Jean Moulin. The aircraft arrived without its machine guns and was re-armed in Spain with two Vickers guns, synchronised with gear taken from a Hispano-Nieuport 52. It is probably the "Avio" listed among the Republican aircraft on the Madrid front in the autumn of 1936, but its later fate is unknown.

Soviet Union

Under the 1928 import plan, the Soviet Union bought two BH-33Es powered by Jupiter VII engines (registered 1004 and 1005) for evaluation, with a view to licence production: without its engine, a BH-33 cost 13,000 roubles, against 35,000 roubles to produce a Soviet Tupolev I-4. The first aircraft was delivered to the NII VVS research institute in May 1929, but its engine had to be replaced, and it only flew again in August 1931, when it began to break up in flight. In the meantime the Soviet Polikarpov I-5 had appeared, and the licence was no longer considered. Czech archives mention three aircraft sold to the Soviet Union.

Yugoslavia and Greece

After testing a BH-33-1, the Royal Yugoslav Air Force bought three BH-33Es in 1929 for an extensive evaluation; one was lost during the tests and replaced. In 1931 it ordered 20 more with 450 hp Jupiter VI engines, together with a production licence. The Ikarus factory built 22 BH-33E-SHS between January 1934 and March 1937, powered by 420 hp IAM K9 engines (licence-built Gnome-Rhône Jupiter 9Ad). Five of them were sold to Greece in March 1935. By 1939 the Yugoslav BH-33s had been relegated to fighter training, but in April 1941 two of them were still in front-line service for the defence of Podgorica: one was shot down by Joachim Müncheberg, Staffelkapitän of 7./JG 26, flying a Messerschmitt Bf 109, and the other was strafed on the ground on 6 April. Both pilots were killed. The Germans captured 11 BH-33s, seven of which were handed over to the air force of the Independent State of Croatia, while the Italians seized one more.

Manchuria and Japan

One BH-33L was delivered to the Manchurian air force in 1931. Captured by the Imperial Japanese Army, it was examined by Japanese engineers and would have been the only Czechoslovak-built aircraft used by the Japanese army air force.

Variants

  • BH-33 : First prototype, Walter Jupiter IV engine (1927).
  • BH-33-1 : Two prototypes with Jupiter VI and Jupiter VII engines, and five pre-production aircraft with Jupiter VII engines for Czechoslovakia; three exported to Belgium and one to Poland.
  • PWS-A : Polish licence-built version with Jupiter IV engine and split-axle undercarriage, 50 built by PWS (1929-1932).
  • BH-33E : Redesigned version with welded steel-tube fuselage, Jupiter VI or VII engine (1929).
  • BH-33E-SHS : Yugoslav licence-built version with IAM K9 engine, 22 built by Ikarus.
  • BH-33L (Ba-33) : Version with longer fuselage, longer-span wings and Škoda L W-12 engine, 81 built for the Czechoslovak Air Force.
  • BH-33H (BH-133) : One aircraft re-engined with a Pratt & Whitney Hornet radial engine.

Operators

  • Belgium : Aéronautique Militaire (3 BH-33-1).
  • Croatia : Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia (7 ex-Yugoslav aircraft captured in 1941).
  • Czechoslovakia : Czechoslovak Air Force.
  • Germany : Luftwaffe (captured aircraft, little used).
  • Greece : Hellenic Air Force (5 Yugoslav-built BH-33E, 1935).
  • Italy : Regia Aeronautica (1 ex-Yugoslav aircraft captured in 1941).
  • Japan : Imperial Japanese Army (1 captured BH-33L).
  • Manchuria : 1 BH-33L (1931).
  • Poland : Polish Air Force (1 BH-33-1 and 50 PWS-A).
  • Slovakia : Slovak Air Force (2 BH-33L, 1939).
  • Soviet Union : Soviet Air Force (2 or 3 BH-33E for evaluation).
  • Spain : Spanish Republican Air Force (1 ex-Belgian aircraft, 1936).
  • Yugoslavia : Royal Yugoslav Air Force.

References

  • Kopański, Tomasz J.; Belcarz, Bartłomiej (2005). Avia BH-33 (PWS-A), PWS-10, PZL P.7a. Sandomierz: Wydawnictwo Stratus.
  • Vraný, Jiří (2006). Avia BH-33. Nevojice: Jakab.
  • Němeček, Václav (1968). Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
  • Howson, Gerald (1999). Arms for Spain: The Untold Story of the Spanish Civil War. London: John Murray.
  • Wauthy, Jean-Luc; de Neve, Florian (1995). "Les aéronefs de la Force Aérienne Belge, deuxième partie 1919-1935". Le Fana de l'Aviation (305).
  • Šnajdr, Miroslav. "Na španělském nebi - Avia BH-33". valka.cz.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Avia BH-33 of Wikipedia ( authors )

Avia BH-33

  • Role : Fighter.
  • Manufacturer : Avia ; PWS (Poland) and Ikarus (Yugoslavia) under licence.
  • Designers : Pavel Beneš and Miroslav Hajn.
  • First flight : 21 October 1927.
  • Status : retired.
  • Primary users :
    • Czechoslovak Air Force.
    • Polish Air Force.
    • Royal Yugoslav Air Force.
  • Produced : 1927 to 1937.
  • Number built : about 110 by Avia, plus 50 licence-built in Poland and 22 in Yugoslavia.
  • Developed from : Avia BH-21.
  • Variants : BH-33-1, PWS-A, BH-33E, BH-33E-SHS, BH-33L (Ba-33), BH-33H (BH-133).

    • Specifications (BH-33L)

  • Crew: one.
  • Length: 7.22 m (23 ft 8 in).
  • Wingspan: 8.90 m (29 ft 2 in).
  • Height: 3.13 m (10 ft 3 in).
  • Wing area: 25.5 m² (274 sq ft).
  • Empty weight: 1,117 kg (2,463 lb).
  • Gross weight: 1,560 kg (3,439 lb).
  • Powerplant: One Škoda L W-12 water-cooled piston engine.
  • Power: 580 hp (430 kW).
  • Propeller: 2-bladed wooden propeller.
  • Maximum speed: 298 km/h (185 mph, 161 kts).
  • Cruise speed: 280 km/h (174 mph, 151 kts).
  • Range: 450 km (280 mi).
  • Service ceiling: 8,000 m (26,250 ft).
  • Rate of climb: 9.9 m/s (1,950 ft/min).
  • Armament: Two fixed forward-firing 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns, later replaced by two 7.92 mm vz.28 machine guns.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Avia BH-33 of Wikipedia ( authors )
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