(Piaggio) P.166 @·AIRCRAFTUBE

  • Piaggio P.166S Albatross Piaggio P.166S Albatross
    Piaggio P.166S Albatross
  • P.166 G-ARUJ of Charrington United Breweries at Liverpool (14 May 1965) P.166 G-ARUJ of Charrington United Breweries at Liverpool (14 May 1965)
    P.166 G-ARUJ of Charrington United Breweries at Liverpool (14 May 1965)
  • Confederate Airways P.166 VH-CAC at Bankstown, Australia (1982) Confederate Airways P.166 VH-CAC at Bankstown, Australia (1982)
    Confederate Airways P.166 VH-CAC at Bankstown, Australia (1982)
  • P.166C I-FENI, the last airworthy P.166 in Italy, at the ILA Berlin Air Show (2018) P.166C I-FENI, the last airworthy P.166 in Italy, at the ILA Berlin Air Show (2018)
    P.166C I-FENI, the last airworthy P.166 in Italy, at the ILA Berlin Air Show (2018)
  • P.166C I-FENI at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford (2014) P.166C I-FENI at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford (2014)
    P.166C I-FENI at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford (2014)
  • APH de photographie aérienne de l'Aeronautica Militare APH de photographie aérienne de l'Aeronautica Militare
    APH de photographie aérienne de l'Aeronautica Militare
  • APH de l'Aeronautica Militare aux couleurs des Nations unies APH de l'Aeronautica Militare aux couleurs des Nations unies
    APH de l'Aeronautica Militare aux couleurs des Nations unies
  • APH de l'Aeronautica Militare APH de l'Aeronautica Militare
    APH de l'Aeronautica Militare
  • Italian Coast Guard P.166DL3 at Pratica di Mare (2006) Italian Coast Guard P.166DL3 at Pratica di Mare (2006)
    Italian Coast Guard P.166DL3 at Pratica di Mare (2006)
  • SEM de la Guardia Costiera SEM de la Guardia Costiera
    SEM de la Guardia Costiera
  • SEM de la Guardia Costiera à l'aéroport de Catane SEM de la Guardia Costiera à l'aéroport de Catane
    SEM de la Guardia Costiera à l'aéroport de Catane
  • Guardia di Finanza P.166DL3 at Pratica di Mare (2006) Guardia di Finanza P.166DL3 at Pratica di Mare (2006)
    Guardia di Finanza P.166DL3 at Pratica di Mare (2006)
  • SEM de la Guardia di Finanza SEM de la Guardia di Finanza
    SEM de la Guardia di Finanza
  • P.166S Albatross ZS-NJV (ex-SAAF 888) P.166S Albatross ZS-NJV (ex-SAAF 888)
    P.166S Albatross ZS-NJV (ex-SAAF 888)
  • Italian Coast Guard P.166 displayed as a monument in Pescara Italian Coast Guard P.166 displayed as a monument in Pescara
    Italian Coast Guard P.166 displayed as a monument in Pescara
  • Italian Coast Guard P.166 on display in Chiavari (Liguria) Italian Coast Guard P.166 on display in Chiavari (Liguria)
    Italian Coast Guard P.166 on display in Chiavari (Liguria)

Piaggio P.166

The Piaggio P.166 is an Italian twin-engine light utility aircraft built by Rinaldo Piaggio S.p.A. (later Piaggio Aero). Easily recognised by its gull wing and its two pusher engines mounted above the wing, it was derived from the P.136 amphibian and first flew in 1957. Marketed in its civil versions under the name Portofino, and known as the Albatross in South African service, it was produced for more than thirty years in piston and turboprop versions, serving as an executive aircraft, feederliner, air taxi, trainer, photographic survey platform and maritime patrol aircraft. Around 150 were built.

Design and development

Towards the end of 1955, Piaggio began studying a land-based executive aircraft derived from its P.136L amphibian. Designed by Dr. Ing. Giovanni Casiraghi, the P.166 married the wing, tail surfaces and engines of the P.136 to an entirely new fuselage. The gull wing and the pusher engines, originally chosen to keep the propellers clear of spray on the amphibian, were kept, giving the aircraft an unusually quiet and roomy cabin for its class, as well as an excellent downward view. Piaggio would remain faithful to the pusher layout up to the P.180 Avanti.

The prototype (registered I-RAIF) made its first flight at Villanova d'Albenga on 26 November 1957, flown by Captain Aldo Gasperi, and Italian certification was granted on 28 October 1958. The initial version, seating two pilots and six to eight passengers, was powered by two 340 hp Lycoming GSO-480 supercharged flat-six engines driving three-bladed pusher propellers. The production model, the P.166A (AL1), was built at Finale Ligure, and several were sold as executive transports, feederliners or air taxis.

The improved P.166B Portofino had more powerful 380 hp Lycoming IGSO-540 engines, new nacelles, a longer nose and a redesigned cabin; its prototype (I-PIAS) first flew on 27 March 1962 and was certified on 8 January 1963. It was followed by the P.166C, which first flew on 2 October 1964: its main landing gear retracted into external fairings on the fuselage sides, freeing the cabin for up to 12 passengers. For the South African Air Force, Piaggio developed the P.166S, a coastal patrol and search and rescue version with the long nose of the B model, a search radar and larger tip tanks; it first flew in October 1968. With the last P.166S, production of the piston-engined models came to an end after about 110 airframes.

In 1975, Piaggio developed a turboprop version, the P.166D. Designed by Dr. Ing. Alessandro Mazzoni and powered by two Lycoming LTP101 turboprops, it was flown for the first time on 3 July 1976 by Evasio Ferretti. The production version, the P.166DL3, received its certification on 21 July 1978 and was built in several mission-specific versions for photographic survey, maritime patrol and environmental surveillance. In the late 1990s, a mid-life update programme led to the P.166DP1, re-engined with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-121 turboprops and fitted with Collins Pro Line II avionics, a three-axis electric trim, new ventral fins, a strengthened landing gear and an extended service life of 15,000 hours. The DP1 was certified on 23 December 2002.

Operational history

Italy

The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare) was the largest user of the type. It ordered the P.166M, a military version of the P.166A, the first of which was delivered in the spring of 1961; around fifty were received up to 1968. They served as liaison and transport aircraft with the regional air commands, as multi-engine trainers at the Latina flying school and the instructors' school at Grottaglie, with the test flight centre at Pratica di Mare and with the 303rd Autonomous Flight Group at Guidonia. The Air Force also received two P.166BL2/APH and six P.166DL3/APH photographic survey aircraft. Operated by the 71° Gruppo, nicknamed the "Black Sheeps", the DL3/APH carried out aerial mapping as well as surveillance missions in support of the police; they were retired in February 2012, leaving the service without an aerophotogrammetry capability. Some aircraft were also deployed in United Nations colours.

The Corps of the Port Captaincies - Coast Guard (Guardia Costiera) received twelve P.166DL3/SEM (Sorveglianza Ecologica e Marittima, maritime and ecological surveillance) between 1988 and 1990. Equipped with a search radar and sensors for detecting pollution at sea, they patrolled the Italian coastline until their retirement in July 2017. One of them was painted in a special "Orca" livery.

The Guardia di Finanza (customs and financial police) received two ex-Alitalia P.166DL3 as trainers and utility aircraft in 1990, followed by ten new P.166DL3/SEM between 1991 and 1995. The P.166 was the first fixed-wing aircraft of the corps' air maritime exploration group. Eight aircraft were converted to the P.166DP1 standard, the first of which was handed over at the Paris Air Show on 13 June 2005. Used against smuggling, illegal immigration and pollution at sea, and later for pilot training, the last P.166DP1 (MM62264/GF-06) made its farewell flight on 1 March 2022 at Pratica di Mare, during the 68th anniversary of the corps' air service.

South Africa

In the 1960s, the South African Air Force needed an inshore maritime patrol and fisheries protection aircraft. Already a Piaggio customer, it ordered twenty P.166S, named Albatross in SAAF service (serials 881 to 900). The first was delivered in October 1969 and the last in 1974. All served with 27 Squadron, which flew them along the South African coast until 1992-1993, when they were replaced by modernised Dakotas, the very type they had originally been intended to replace. Only one was lost in SAAF service. Most of the survivors were sold on the civil register, where several were used for charter, cargo or private flying.

Civil operators

Designed above all for the civil market, the P.166 found buyers in Europe and especially in Australia, where around fifteen were registered in the early 1960s. They were used as commuter aircraft and for charter flights, notably by Ansett-ANA, MacRobertson Miller Airlines and Tasman Airlines, by the Department of Civil Aviation, and by several airlines in Papua New Guinea for passenger and cargo services. In the United Kingdom, the P.166 G-ARUJ was used as a corporate aircraft by Charrington United Breweries. In Italy, the Alitalia flying school also used the P.166DL3 for multi-engine training.

I-FENI

The prototype P.166B I-PIAS, later converted into the P.166C feederliner demonstrator, was sold in the late 1970s to the commuter airline Transavio. Grounded, it made its last flight in 1985 to Milano-Bresso, where it was abandoned for more than eighteen years. In 2002, two Italian Air Force officers bought it for a symbolic 50 euros and had it trucked to Guidonia. After nine years and some 17,500 hours of work, it was re-registered I-FENI (in honour of the "Fenicotteri", the flamingos emblem of the 303rd Group) and flew again on 2 November 2011. Operated by the "I Fenicotteri" historical group from Terni, it is now the last airworthy P.166 in Italy and a regular guest at air shows such as the Royal International Air Tattoo and the ILA Berlin Air Show.

Variants

  • P.166 : Prototypes, powered by two 340 hp Lycoming GSO-480-B1C6 engines. Three built.
  • P.166A (AL1) : First production version, with non-slanted cockpit side windows, two pilots and six to eight passengers. 29 built.
  • P.166B Portofino : More powerful version with a longer nose, powered by two 380 hp Lycoming IGSO-540-A1C engines. Five built.
  • P.166BL2/APH : Photographic survey aircraft for the Italian Air Force. Two built.
  • P.166C (CL2) : Feederliner version of the P.166B, with the main landing gear retracting into external pods, giving room for up to 12 passengers. Two to four built.
  • P.166M : Military version of the P.166A for the Italian Air Force. 49 to 51 built.
  • P.166S Albatross : Coastal patrol and search and rescue version for the South African Air Force, with the longer nose of the P.166B, a search radar and larger tip tanks. 20 built.
  • P.166DL3 : Light utility transport version, powered by two 600 shp Lycoming LTP101 turboprops.
  • P.166DL3/APH : Photographic survey version of the DL3. Six built for the Italian Air Force.
  • P.166DL3/MAR : Maritime patrol version of the DL3. Two built for Somalia.
  • P.166DL3/SEM : Maritime and ecological surveillance version of the DL3. Twelve built for the Italian Coast Guard and ten for the Guardia di Finanza.
  • P.166DP1 : Upgraded version, re-engined with two 615 shp Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-121 turboprops and fitted with new avionics. Eight converted (two DL3 and six DL3/SEM) for the Guardia di Finanza.

Operators

Military and government operators

  • Italy :
    • Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare).
    • Corps of the Port Captaincies - Coast Guard (Guardia Costiera).
    • Guardia di Finanza.
    • Italian Ministry of Merchant Marine.
  • Somalia : Somali Air Corps.
  • South Africa : South African Air Force (SAAF).
  • Australia : Australian Federal Government (Department of Civil Aviation).

Civil operators

  • Australia : Ansett-ANA, Ansett-MAL, Confederate Airways, East Coast Airways, MacRobertson Miller Airlines, Papuan Air Transport, Papuan Airlines, Queensland Airlines, South Pacific Airways, Tasman Airlines, among others.
  • Italy : Alitalia (flying school), Transavio.
  • United Kingdom : corporate and private operators.

Accidents and incidents

  • 1 March 1997 : The ex-SAAF P.166S ZS-NJR (ex-893), operated on cargo flights, crashed after take-off from Johannesburg following engine problems. The aircraft was destroyed but there were no fatalities.
  • 14 August 2011 : Two privately owned ex-SAAF P.166S Albatross, ZS-NJX and ZU-MMI, flying in formation from Tzaneen to Rand Airport after an air show, flew into cloud-covered Mamotswiri Peak in the Wolkberg mountains (Limpopo). All 13 people on board were killed. The investigation found no technical fault and cited adverse weather and poor flight planning.

Aircraft on display

  • Italy : P.166M at the Museo dell'Aviazione (Rimini), in the markings of the 303rd Group; P.166 at the Volandia museum near Milan-Malpensa; former Coast Guard P.166DL3 displayed as monuments at Pescara and Chiavari.
  • South Africa : P.166S Albatross 896 at the SAAF Museum, Ysterplaat (Cape Town).
  • Australia : P.166 (c/n 365), built in 1959 and imported in 1967, at the HARS Aviation Museum, Shellharbour Airport.

Other sources : avia-dejavu.net, volandia.it, museoaviazione.com, saairforce.co.za, airhistory.net, scramble.nl, theaviationist.com, hars.org.au.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Piaggio P.166 of Wikipedia ( authors )

Piaggio P.166

  • Role : Utility transport, executive and maritime patrol aircraft.
  • Manufacturer : Rinaldo Piaggio S.p.A. / Piaggio Aero.
  • Designer : Giovanni Casiraghi.
  • First flight : 26 November 1957.
  • Status : retired from military service (2022) ; a few still flying in private hands.
  • Primary users :
    • Italian Air Force.
    • Italian Coast Guard.
    • Guardia di Finanza.
    • South African Air Force.
  • Produced : 1958 to 1995.
  • Number built : about 150.
  • Developed from : Piaggio P.136.

    • Specifications (P.166DL3)

  • Crew: two.
  • Capacity: 8 passengers (standard).
  • Length: 39 ft 0 in (11.88 m).
  • Wingspan: 48 ft 2 in (14.69 m) with tip tanks ; 44 ft 4 in (13.51 m) without.
  • Height: 16 ft 5 in (5.00 m).
  • Wing area: 285.9 sq ft (26.56 m²).
  • Airfoil: NACA 230 series.
  • Empty weight: 5,842 lb (2,650 kg) equipped.
  • Max takeoff weight: 9,480 lb (4,300 kg).
  • Max payload: 2,366 lb (1,073 kg).
  • Powerplant: 2 × Lycoming LTP101-700 turboprops.
  • Power: 600 shp (447.5 kW) each.
  • Propellers: 3-bladed Hartzell constant-speed, fully feathering metal pusher propellers, 7 ft 9 in (2.36 m) diameter.
  • Maximum speed: 250 mph (400 km/h, 220 kts) at 10,000 ft (3,050 m).
  • Cruise speed: 190 mph (300 km/h, 160 kts) at 12,000 ft (3,660 m).
  • Stall speed: 86 mph (139 km/h, 75 kts) flaps and gear down.
  • Range: 860 mi (1,390 km, 750 nmi) with maximum payload.
  • Service ceiling: 28,000 ft (8,535 m) ; 14,000 ft (4,270 m) on one engine.
  • Rate of climb: 2,200 ft/min (11.2 m/s).
  • Takeoff run to 50 ft (15 m): 2,182 ft (665 m).
  • Landing run from 50 ft (15 m): 1,499 ft (457 m).

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Piaggio P.166 of Wikipedia ( authors )
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