(Siebel) Si 204 @·AIRCRAFTUBE

  • Siebel Si 204 Siebel Si 204
    Siebel Si 204
  • Siebel Fh 104 Hallore "D-IMCH", predecessor of the Si 204 Siebel Fh 104 Hallore "D-IMCH", predecessor of the Si 204
    Siebel Fh 104 Hallore "D-IMCH", predecessor of the Si 204
  • Luftwaffe Si 204D Luftwaffe Si 204D
    Luftwaffe Si 204D
  • The second prototype "D-ASGU" of Luft Hansa The second prototype "D-ASGU" of Luft Hansa
    The second prototype "D-ASGU" of Luft Hansa
  • Si 204E with dorsal turret Si 204E with dorsal turret
    Si 204E with dorsal turret
  • A soldier of the US 457th AAA dries his laundry on an abandoned Si 204 (1945) A soldier of the US 457th AAA dries his laundry on an abandoned Si 204 (1945)
    A soldier of the US 457th AAA dries his laundry on an abandoned Si 204 (1945)
  • Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands at Volkel Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands at Volkel
    Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands at Volkel
  • Si 204 "SE-BPM" in Sweden Si 204 "SE-BPM" in Sweden
    Si 204 "SE-BPM" in Sweden
  • NC.702 Martinet no. 282 "BN", now preserved at Bordeaux-Mérignac NC.702 Martinet no. 282 "BN", now preserved at Bordeaux-Mérignac
    NC.702 Martinet no. 282 "BN", now preserved at Bordeaux-Mérignac
  • Martinets of Aéronavale escadrille 5S Martinets of Aéronavale escadrille 5S
    Martinets of Aéronavale escadrille 5S
  • SNCAC NC.701 Martinet SNCAC NC.701 Martinet
    SNCAC NC.701 Martinet
  • NC.701 "SE-KAL" of Rikets Allmänna Kartverk NC.701 "SE-KAL" of Rikets Allmänna Kartverk
    NC.701 "SE-KAL" of Rikets Allmänna Kartverk
  • Aero C-3A at the Stará Aerovka (Kbely museum, Prague) Aero C-3A at the Stará Aerovka (Kbely museum, Prague)
    Aero C-3A at the Stará Aerovka (Kbely museum, Prague)
  • Aero C-3A "LB-05" (Kbely museum) Aero C-3A "LB-05" (Kbely museum)
    Aero C-3A "LB-05" (Kbely museum)
  • The Argus As 411 engine, cowling open (Kbely museum) The Argus As 411 engine, cowling open (Kbely museum)
    The Argus As 411 engine, cowling open (Kbely museum)
  • Sectioned Argus As 410 engine (Flugausstellung Hermeskeil) Sectioned Argus As 410 engine (Flugausstellung Hermeskeil)
    Sectioned Argus As 410 engine (Flugausstellung Hermeskeil)

Siebel Si 204

The Siebel Si 204 is a small twin-engined transport and aircrew trainer developed in Germany during the Second World War. Derived from the smaller Siebel Fh 104 Hallore, it was originally conceived in 1938 as an eight-passenger feeder airliner for Deutsche Luft Hansa, but was eventually built in large numbers for the Luftwaffe, mostly as an instrument-flying and crew trainer. Because Siebel's own factory was busy building the Junkers Ju 88 under licence, almost the entire wartime production was carried out in occupied France and in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Production continued after the war in both countries, as the Aero C-3 in Czechoslovakia and the SNCAC NC.701 and NC.702 Martinet in France, bringing the total to well over 1,700 aircraft.

Design and development

Development began in 1938 in response to a development order from the German Air Ministry (RLM) for a small civil transport. Although the RLM was formally the contractor, the design was worked out in close cooperation between Deutsche Luft Hansa (DLH) and the Siebel works at Halle. The aircraft was planned as a small all-metal airliner carrying two crew and eight passengers.

The Si 204 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane of all-metal semi-monocoque construction, with a fuselage of roughly rectangular cross-section rounded at the top. The single-spar wing is fitted with electro-hydraulically operated split flaps, while the control surfaces are fabric-covered. The twin-fin tail unit is carried on a tailplane with marked dihedral. The main undercarriage retracts rearwards into the engine nacelles. Power is provided by two Argus air-cooled inverted V-12 engines: the 360 PS As 410 on the early aircraft, then the 600 PS As 411 on the main production versions.

After the outbreak of war, the design was reworked as a trainer. The stepped cockpit with a separate flat windscreen was replaced by a fully glazed, "stepless" nose blending into the fuselage line, a layout first introduced on the Heinkel He 111P in 1938 and adopted on most German bombers of the period; it was considered better suited to instrument flying. Only the first two prototypes were completed as passenger aircraft with the original cockpit. The first prototype probably flew on 25 May 1940 (some sources give 23 May 1941), the second before February 1941. The third prototype was completed as an instrument-flying trainer and did not fly before the end of 1941 or early 1942.

Production

As Siebel was fully occupied with licence production of the Junkers Ju 88, only 15 prototypes were built at Halle. Series production was entrusted to foreign factories under German control:

  • In France, the SNCAC factory at Bourges (sources sometimes credit SNCAN) built the A-0 pre-series and A-1 passenger versions between April 1942 and November 1943, then delivered its first D-1 in August 1943. Of an order for 455 aircraft, 168 had been delivered when the Liberation stopped production in August 1944.
  • In the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, ČKD (known in German as Böhmisch-Mährische Maschinenfabrik, BMM) delivered the first D-0 instrument trainer in January 1943, followed by 44 more pre-series aircraft. D-1 production was started by Aero in March 1943 and by BMM in June or July 1943. BMM switched to building spare parts in October 1944.
  • Aero began production of the D-3 in October 1944. This version had wooden wings and a mixed wood and metal tailplane, in order to save aluminium. Aero had been due to stop D-1 production in March 1945 and switch entirely to the D-3, but production ended in January 1945 after 541 aircraft had been completed.

By 31 January 1945, 1,216 Si 204s had been built: 15 prototypes by Siebel, 168 by SNCAC, 492 by BMM/ČKD and 541 by Aero (30 A-0, 85 A-1, 45 D-0, 977 D-1 and 64 D-3).

Operational history

Luftwaffe

The Si 204D served mainly with the advanced B and C flying schools, where it was used to train pilots, navigators, radio operators and bomb aimers; it could carry two crew and five trainees. It was also used by FÜG 1, the Luftwaffe's ferry wing, probably as a taxi aircraft to bring back crews who had delivered aircraft to front-line units. Its use in dedicated blind-flying schools was only sporadic. The Si 204A, with its passenger cabin, flew mainly with communications squadrons and as a liaison aircraft for senior officers.

An armed version, the Si 204E, was tested with a dorsal turret armed with a 13 mm MG 131 machine gun and racks for light bombs, intended for night harassment missions. In July 1944 five aircraft were earmarked for conversion to night-attack use, but no further conversions followed and there is no confirmed evidence of combat use.

An Si 204 was very probably the last German aircraft shot down on the Western Front: on 8 May 1945, at about 8 p.m., a Lockheed P-38 Lightning pilot of the US 474th Fighter Group brought one down about three miles south-east of Rodach, in Bavaria.

Deutsche Luft Hansa

At least four aircraft were used by the airline. The first prototype, D-AEFR, was evaluated by Luft Hansa in Prague from March to May 1941, and the second, D-ASGU, flew freight on scheduled routes from spring 1942 to spring 1943.

After the war

Many Si 204s fell into Allied hands. Captured examples were flown in the United Kingdom, Switzerland and above all the Soviet Union, where Aeroflot used them until 1949, notably on regional routes in Tajikistan. The Soviet Polar Aviation operated seven ski-equipped aircraft in Siberia, but repeated engine failures in the extreme cold caused four losses, and crews nicknamed the type "Giebel" (from the Russian word for disaster). The last Soviet example, used for agricultural survey, was retired in 1951.

In France, the Armée de l'air flew both ex-Luftwaffe aircraft and aircraft completed after the Liberation. On 30 January 1946 the famous aviator Maryse Hilsz was killed with three companions when the Si 204 she was flying from Villacoublay to Marignane crashed in a thunderstorm near Bourg-en-Bresse.

In the Netherlands, the Nationaal Luchtvaart Laboratorium (NLL) used a BMM-built Si 204D-1, registered PH-NLL, as a flying laboratory from 1946 to 1964. In Spain, the airline CANA operated two Si 204As (EC-ACM and EC-ADB) that had previously belonged to the German embassy.

Postwar production

Czechoslovakia

Aero resumed production in Prague immediately after the war and built 179 aircraft until 1949. The Aero C-3A was a crew trainer and the C-3B a bomb-aimer trainer and light bomber, while the C-103 was a civil passenger transport used by ČSA and the D-44 a military transport. The C-3 remained an important type in the Czechoslovak Air Force, in particular with the bomber training units, until Soviet jet bombers arrived in the mid-1950s.

France

In France, SNCAC (known as Aérocentre) continued building the aircraft for the French forces. A single prototype NC.700 was fitted with Renault 12S-00 engines, a French-built version of the Argus As 411, although the designation was also applied to a few aircraft originally built for the Luftwaffe and taken over by the Armée de l'air. Two production versions followed, both named Martinet: the NC.701, based on the Si 204D with the glazed nose and fitted with three-bladed Ratier propellers, and the NC.702, based on the Si 204A with a conventional stepped windscreen and an eight-seat cabin. About 350 Martinets were built (around 240 NC.701 and 110 NC.702).

The Martinet served with the Armée de l'air and the Aéronavale as a trainer, liaison and light transport aircraft, including in Indochina, until 1963; in the French Air Force it was gradually replaced by more modern types such as the Dassault Flamant. Air France used a few for a short time before replacing them with larger types such as the Douglas DC-3. Several aircraft carried mail for the French postal service from late 1946, but these were grounded after the accident of F-BBFA, and the Institut Géographique National (IGN) used Martinets for aerial photography and mapping.

Variants

  • Si 204 V1 to V15 : Prototypes built by Siebel at Halle. V1 (D-AEFR) and V2 (D-ASGU) were passenger prototypes with As 410 engines; V3 was the first instrument-trainer prototype; V4 (KM+GB) introduced the As 411 engine; V5 was used for structural tests and V7 for weather reconnaissance; V14 was the D-2 prototype.
  • Si 204A : Passenger and liaison transport with stepped cockpit and eight-seat cabin. A-0 pre-series and A-1 production series built by SNCAC in France.
  • Si 204D : Instrument-flying and crew trainer with fully glazed "stepless" nose. D-0 pre-series by BMM, D-1 production by Aero, BMM and SNCAC.
  • Si 204D-3 : D version with wooden wings and mixed construction tailplane, built by Aero from October 1944.
  • Si 204E : Night harassment bomber and bomb-aimer trainer, with dorsal turret armed with one MG 131 machine gun and underwing racks for light bombs.
  • Aero C-3A : Postwar Czechoslovak crew trainer and transport.
  • Aero C-3B : Postwar Czechoslovak bomb-aimer trainer and light bomber.
  • Aero C-103 : Postwar Czechoslovak civil passenger transport.
  • Aero D-44 : Postwar Czechoslovak military transport.
  • SNCAC NC.700 : Prototype powered by Renault 12S-00 engines; designation also applied to a few ex-Luftwaffe aircraft taken over by France.
  • SNCAC NC.701 Martinet : French-built version of the Si 204D with Renault 12S-00 engines and three-bladed propellers; trainer with dual controls and room for five students.
  • SNCAC NC.702 Martinet : French-built version of the Si 204A with stepped windscreen, eight-seat transport.

Operators

Military operators

  • Czechoslovakia : Czechoslovak Air Force (ex-Luftwaffe Si 204s and postwar Aero C-3s); National Security Guard.
  • France :
    • French Air Force (Armée de l'Air) (ex-Luftwaffe Si 204s and NC.701/NC.702 Martinets).
    • French Naval Aviation (Aéronavale).
  • Germany : Luftwaffe.
  • Hungary : Hungarian Air Force (six Aero C-3s from 1947 to 1953).
  • Poland : Polish Air Force (six NC.701s taken over from LOT, used for aerial photography until 1955).
  • Soviet Union : Soviet Air Force (captured aircraft).
  • United Kingdom : Royal Air Force (captured aircraft for evaluation).

Civil operators

  • Czechoslovakia : ČSA (Aero C-103).
  • France : Air France; French postal service; Institut Géographique National (IGN).
  • Germany : Deutsche Luft Hansa (at least four aircraft).
  • Netherlands : Nationaal Luchtvaart Laboratorium (one Si 204D-1, PH-NLL, from 1946 to 1964).
  • Poland : LOT Polish Airlines (six NC.701s for aerial photography in 1947 and 1948, SP-LFA to SP-LFF).
  • Soviet Union : Aeroflot and Polar Aviation (captured aircraft).
  • Spain : CANA (two Si 204As, EC-ACM and EC-ADB).
  • Sweden : Rikets Allmänna Kartverk (five NC.701s used for aerial mapping from 1962 to 1970).

Surviving aircraft

No complete German-built Si 204 survives, but several postwar aircraft are preserved:

  • NC.702 Martinet no. 282 (F-ZJBN, "BN") : Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace collection, on loan to the Conservatoire de l'Air et de l'Espace d'Aquitaine at Bordeaux-Mérignac, France.
  • NC.702 Martinet no. 331 : Deutsches Technikmuseum, Berlin, Germany, restored by Lufthansa at Frankfurt and displayed since 2006 (formerly in the Jean Salis collection at La Ferté-Alais).
  • NC.702 Martinet rebuilt as an Aero C-3A "LB-05", using the nose section of a genuine C-3A : Kbely Aviation Museum, Prague, Czech Republic. The museum also holds several C-3A and C-3B fuselage sections.
  • NC.701 Martinet SE-KAL (no. 159) : Arlanda air museum, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • NC.701 Martinet SE-KAE (no. 264) : Swedish Air Force Museum (Flygvapenmuseum), Linköping, Sweden.
  • Aero C-3A OK-ADZ : transport museum (Slovenské Dopravné Múzeum) in Prešov, Slovakia.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Siebel Si 204 of Wikipedia ( authors )

Siebel Si 204

  • Role : Light transport and aircrew trainer.
  • Manufacturer : Siebel; production by SNCAC (France), BMM/ČKD and Aero (Bohemia-Moravia).
  • First flight : 1940 (probably 25 May 1940).
  • Status : retired.
  • Primary users :
    • Luftwaffe.
    • Czechoslovak Air Force.
    • French Air Force.
    • French Naval Aviation.
  • Produced : 1941 to 1949.
  • Number built : 1,216 until January 1945; about 1,750 including postwar production.
  • Developed from : Siebel Fh 104 Hallore.
  • Variants :
    • Aero C-3 / C-103 / D-44.
    • SNCAC NC.701 and NC.702 Martinet.

    Specifications (Si 204D)

  • Crew: 2 (plus up to 5 trainees).
  • Capacity: up to 8 passengers or 1,650 kg (3,638 lb) of cargo.
  • Length: 39 ft 2 in (11.95 m).
  • Wingspan: 70 ft 0 in (21.33 m).
  • Height: 13 ft 11 in (4.25 m) to top of radio mast.
  • Wing area: 500 sq ft (46 m²).
  • Empty weight: 8,708 lb (3,950 kg).
  • Gross weight: 12,346 lb (5,600 kg).
  • Fuel capacity: 200 imp gal (890 l).
  • Powerplant: 2 × Argus As 411 A-1 inverted V-12 air-cooled piston engines.
  • Power: 590 hp (440 kW) each for take-off.
  • Propellers: 2-bladed wooden variable-pitch, 8 ft 10 in (2.69 m) diameter.
  • Maximum speed: 226 mph (364 km/h, 197 kts) at 9,800 ft (3,000 m).
  • Cruise speed: 210 mph (340 km/h, 180 kts).
  • Range: 1,100 mi (1,800 km, 970 nmi).
  • Service ceiling: 24,600 ft (7,500 m).
  • Time to altitude: 3 min 18 s to 3,300 ft (1,000 m).
  • Armament (Si 204E): one 13 mm MG 131 machine gun in dorsal turret; light bombs under the wing centre section.

— — — = = — — —

This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Siebel Si 204 of Wikipedia ( authors )
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